Ebola, A Nurse’s Perspective

So a few months ago the country was enthralled with the idea of a few patients, infected with the Ebola virus, coming to the United States. Up until this point, we had been safe from Ebola due to the fact that bats can’t fly over the Atlantic. Some people were completely indifferent, while others had seen Outbreak one too many times. Most were a healthy mix, somewhere in between, but what bothered me the most was both the lack of education and the poor information that was spreading more virulently than the virus could ever hope to.

First, I want to stress that I am a nurse, not a virologist, and hopefully throughout my post you will see that I am not pretending to be one. I have a Bachelor’s in Nursing and am currently a graduate student. I have worked extensively with Infectious Disease Specialists. I have been exposed to almost every infectious disease known to the modern world. I have taken courses in Biology, Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Advanced Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and an assortment of others. However, I am not and will not pretend to be an expert, just an experienced professional. When it comes to an epidemic of any sort, my first focus is on the patient, protecting and healing them, my second focus is on protecting the community. I don’t care about which strain does what, or what we can do with in lab. As a nurse, I concern myself with the current patient and future possible patients. I feel the first thing we should examine is Ebola itself. It is foreign to the US, both literally and figuratively. What it does to people and how it harmonizes with nature are both things that most westerners have little concept of. It is a virus, not a bacteria. This means that it is not its own organism. It is actually much smaller and basic than you can imagine. It is nothing more than a few pieces of DNA/RNA and some proteins. No cell wall, no cytoplasm, no metabolic functions. This is both their advantage and their downfall. Viruses require a host. For this example I will use the HIV virus. HIV gets into the human body and invades the host’s white blood cells, T4 cells to be exact but I won’t get that involved. The proteins help get the virus into the cell and those few small sequences of DNA/RNA write themselves into the host DNA/RNA. Now instead of the white blood cell attacking invaders, it is nothing more than an HIV factory. All of its metabolic functions are redirected at producing more of the virus, which pours out of the white blood cell like a sieve until eventually the host cell dies. This is why HIV infected patients have poor immune systems. The virus re-writes the DNA of the host cells. This is not something we can stop. New viruses are pouring out of the white blood cells at a rate of millions a day. We cannot filter them out. We cannot “kill” a little chunk of DNA and we don’t know enough about the human genome to correct the DNA sequences. This is why a lot of viral infections like HIV, Herpes, and Hepatitis are life long infections. HIV invades the white blood cells, Herpes invade the nerve roots, and Hepatitis invades the liver.

Now that we have a better grasp of viruses, we will focus on Ebola a bit more. In tropical Africa, Ebola naturally lives in bats. It is nice to the bats and doesn’t cause them many issues. It is rumored that there are many viruses humans carry our entire lives and have no idea because they show zero symptoms. Therefore, they have never been studied. If this sounds crazy, just remember that it was in recent years the we discovered there was a virus behind cervical cancer. A virus that men can carry and spread without ever knowing they have it. Where the problem arises is that in tropical Africa, people like to eat bats. Sometimes they get infected with Ebola and it spreads. This process is called Zoonosis and can be true of bacteria or viruses. Racoons carry Rabies, Armadillos carry Leprosy, Birds carry the Flu, Bats carry Ebola.

When I said Westerners don’t really understand Ebola, the primary aspect that I am talking about is the patient. We don’t ever see what Ebola does. Our media is too censored, we hear how many died, and see people in haz-mat suits. Speaking of suits, we’ve all seen the pictures. Rubber gloves are adequate for AIDS and hepatitis, a simple mask (N95) stops Tuberculosis, but this requires space suits, just keep that in mind when you think its no big deal. So here is what happens when you catch Ebola, I figure you’re getting bored with reading right about now, so I’ll spice it up. First the virus gets into your system, I’ll elaborate on that later. Then, it hangs out for a few days, even up to 21, growing, multiplying at a rate of millions a day, and guess what, you’re infectious. Now at this point it would pretty much require a straight blood to blood interaction so the only real threat here is for IV drug users who share needles. Just like with the flu or hand foot and mouth disease, you can be spreading it to others before you show a symptom*(apparently not many see the *, so please read the elaboration at the bottom). Remember, nurse mind set, protect the community. At first it’s not bad, little nausea, some sweating, diarrhea, much like a stomach bug. But then the virus really starts to build up in your liver and adrenal glands, after it has saturated your blood cells, the lining of your vessel, your skin, and bones. Hepatocellular necrosis occurs, which is fancy term for your liver starts to decompose.Your liver is what regulates blood clotting. This causes your blood either clot up and turn to jelly in your veins, stay liquid and bleed profusely, or a combo of both. The adrenal glands then do the same, causing your blood pressure to drop. This requires lots of IV fluids to keep your circulating volume up. At the same time inflammatory cytokines are released which causes vascular leakage. Cells don’t do a good job of holding things together so it all becomes a bloody goop. Anywhere in your body that blood vessels are shallow, like your nose, ears, gums, throat, GI tract, urethra, vagina, rectum, all start oozing fluids and bleeding because the tissues that normally keep it contained are disintegrating. So now you bleed from every orifice, including your eyeballs. Every time someone or something touches you, your tissue gets damaged which further the cycle, so a shot in the arm can turn into a massive blood blister. Those who survive are left with massive scarring. Since the adrenals cannot keep your blood pressure up, and you are losing blood and fluids, we have to put IV fluids in to keep you out of hypovolemic shock. This in turn reduces your blood concentration, lowering your oxygen carrying capacity, which causes your heart to race. So you lay in bed, oozing fluids from everywhere, all while feeling like you just ran a marathon, with bloody diarrhea, oh and did I mention pain? Lots and lots of pain, but you can’t have any pain medicine because your liver and kidneys have failed. This why it pains me when I see this outbreak ONLY has a 50% death rate, when in Africa it is up to 90%…ONLY 50%. That is literally worse than cancer, and people are blowing it off. Imagine if cancer was infectious, and you lived in a country with zero cancer, and someone thought it would be a good idea to fly a few people in. I think there would be a different attitude.

The biggest part of the discussion is how Ebola is spread. I will say two things on the topic, no, it is not airborne, and yes, basic hygiene plays a HUGE factor. But while on the topic of whether it is or is not airborne, the definition of an airborne contagion is one that can freely float in the air, survive lengths of time, and infect someone else. VERY few things fit in this category, most have been eradicated, Small Pox, Tuberculosis, Measles. Things that are also NOT airborne, are the flu and the cold. For the flu, you have to come into direct contact with the patients body fluids. How then, do you explain why people catch it and have no idea how. Well for one, people can spread it before they show symptoms, just like Ebola, and one other HUGE factor…droplets….let that word really sink in. The virus may not be airborne, but the droplets are. I’m going to digress for a second and get back to HIV and Hepatitis, while I let droplets dwell in your mind. Everyone knows that HIV and Hepatitis are spread by blood contact, and sexual fluids, I don’t mean a drop of blood on the skin, or even a mucous membrane, it has to get INSIDE of you. This is why only gloves are required. HIV and Hepatitis are not found in urine, stool (Some forms of hepatitis are, but you have to eat the stool to get infected) saliva, sweat, tears, or mucous. This is where some viruses are different. The flu gets into your mucous and other secretions, Ebola tends to stay in the blood, but remember, every one of your bodily fluids are full of blood now. So a person with the flu sneezes, and now millions of little droplets (remember those guys?) shoot out of their nose at nearly mach 1, all across the room, same for a cough, all it takes is a little microscopic droplet to land in your eye, nose, mouth, or the unlikely scenario of an open wound, and you’ve now been infected, because you came in CONTACT with their bodily fluids. I see the word contact thrown around a lot, but most people think of mass amounts of contact with blood, but what they don’t realize is that contact also includes microscopic mucous and saliva droplets, each one chock full of Ebola. Bacteria can survive for long periods of time without a host because they are their own organism. They can feed on just about anything and be happy. Viruses lifespan without a host is much shorter. Their goal is to infect, replicate, and spread, if they cant replicate, they die. Measles only lives 2 hours. But Ebola, depending on what data you look at, can survive for several days.

So with all this information, lets have some role play, so that you can see exactly what this means, to a nurse, in the real world. Imagine it as a cheesy PSA or lifetime movie. You go to see your doctor because its that time of year, you need some blood drawn and refills of your blood pressure med. You sit patiently in the waiting room, thumbing a magazine while your 2-year-old plays with her toys. Like all two year olds, she touches everything, and everything goes in her mouth, toys, pens, her own fingers. She is a 22 lb drool factory and you love her to pieces. You see the doctor, get your goodies, and go home. A week later your angel starts vomiting blood and within 3 days she dies because her heart raced so fast it finally gave up while trying to maintain a blood pressure. Her eyes are blood red and demonic, her skin falls off in sheets. What you don’t know is that 3 days before your visit, someone thought they had the flu. It is October you see and they sneezed while thumbing through that very same magazine you thumbed through. The same thumb you grabbed her pacifier out of your purse with in the waiting room. The people caring for Ebola patients wear space suits, and burn the bodies, yet it still spreads. Here in America, we have much better protocols, and much better hygiene. So if it spreads, it will be contained much better. Still, it spreads prior to symptoms and survives will outside the body, just like the flu. Despite vaccines and good hand washing, thousands still get the flu every year. But while the flu kills 1-2% of its victims, Ebola kills 50% on a good day, and spreads the same way. So please, do not write it off as hype. It is a real thing and it is here.

The case in Dallas has been confirmed. The patient had contact with five children and adolescents prior to admission. Those five kids attend four of the largest schools in Dallas. One sneeze and we could already have thousands of people, who don’t know it yet, infected.

Thank you for reading. Please feel free to comment.

Symptoms* I have had a lot of comments in regards to this. I picked my words carefully, but I never imagined getting thousands of views an hour, or my article getting picked apart, but I will try to elaborate now. I said spread, the virus, I did not say you were contagious. What I meant by this, was the summation of two concepts. To fully explain everything I could write a book, but this is meant to be short and sweet. The first concept is that of a fomite. We have established that the virus can survive for an unspecified amount of time outside the host, and we have established that sneezing/coughing is a perfectly logical method of transmission. So if patient A is infectious/contagious, they sneeze on patient B, but then patient B goes home and picks up their sisters 1 6 month old, who rubs his face, and licks all over your shoulder, he could very well have just orally consumed large quantities of the virus, therefore become patient C. Patient B never got sick, the virus never entered their system, yet they are responsible for spreading the virus to someone else. This is why the 5 exposed kids are so important, there may only be a 2% chance or whatever that they’ll get sick, but if they went to school, and each rubbed up against  500 kids in the hallways, you now have 2500 exposed kids, 50 of which will statistically become infected, 25 of which will probably die. No I do not have a source for the 2%, that is just an EXAMPLE number used to represent the relatively low likelihood of contracting the virus if exposed, granted the R0 factor of R2 is correct. Remember, heal the patient, PROTECT the community. The second concept of this is defining “symptom”. Lets assume it means anything other than your baseline condition. That means the first signs of being contagious, are also the more mild symptoms, sneezy, achy, nausea, flu-like symptoms. So who is going to wake up, feel a little under the weather, and think, crap, I have Ebola, better get quarantined, no, THAT’S how you start fear mongering and mass panic. Again, flu season is upon us, the initial stages of Ebola are like the flu, and its human nature to be in denial, so many people, if infected, would hope its just the flu and wait it out, they are not showing symptoms indicative of Ebola, but they ARE symptomatic of something, and therefore, by the CDC definition, would be contagious. Its also normal procedure for people to be symptomatic BEFORE seeking medical care, so technically, everyone will be contagious, BEFORE knowing they have Ebola. But like I said before, I omitted this lengthy explanation because I didn’t feel it was necessary for the point of the article.

ADDENDUM: Sadly, I feel the need to point out that the title of this blog is “Ebola, A Nurse’s Perspective”, not “A Nurse’s Guide to Surviving the Apocalypse”, or “How to Become an Ebola Expert in 15 minutes”.  It could just as well be “Hamburgers, A Chef’s Perspective” and no one would be hounding me over grammar, a misplaced comma, or wanting citations as to why I say it should be on the grill 5 minutes per side of 7 minutes per side. The point is those things are irrelevant to the goal of the article, this is MY perspective (a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.) I don’t have to prove anything, the point of my article is to take what the uneducated (in a medical sense) journalists say, what the talking heads on TV say, and then let you know what the people say who are on the front lines. That’s like discrediting your grandads account of what happened when he stormed Normandy beach, because its not what your history teacher told you. Have I experienced Ebola first hand? Nope, have I experienced a WHOLE lot of other things that the majority of the population has not? You bet your ass I have, and I felt the need to take the time to hopefully help other people out a little. So please keep that in mind, I’m not perfect, but my experiences are my experiences, and I wanted to share them with you, to let you inside the head of a nurse for a minute.

2,089 thoughts on “Ebola, A Nurse’s Perspective

  1. AnnaMaria's avatar
    AnnaMaria says:

    Thank you so much for your blog. I’m a nurse myself and appreciate the info…I didn’t know whole lot about Ebola so thanks for sharing. I work at a children’s hospital and see a lot of contagious diseases, take care of many children on isolation precautions so any medical info I read I appreciate & don’t criticize. Thanks again!!

    Like

  2. Mike's avatar
    Mike says:

    One thing that I am not hearing about Ebola is if it has become less virulent. By this I mean rapidly deadly. The early outbreaks burned out because people died so fast that they did not spread it widely. This one may take longer to make people so sick that they cannot spread it further. That would be a sign that it is mutating to become a better parasite. Diseases that have been with man for a long time do not kill the host quickly because that would slow the spread of the disease.

    Like

  3. Ken Holloway's avatar
    Ken Holloway says:

    Great insight, thank you! I can see how this could spread rapidly when the average person, who has not knowingly been in contact with anyone who has ebola, goes to their regular doctor with flu like symptoms. The doctor and staff are not wearing space suits and are going to see dozens more patients in that same room the next few days. Both the medical personnel and their other patients are at risk.

    Like

  4. Megan's avatar
    Megan says:

    Great article! Honestly!! I am just wondering is there really anything we can do? Other than not ever leave our house or see anyone from the outside world? I am a young mommy of 3 and honestly I’m scared to take them anywhere

    Like

  5. DocJY's avatar
    DocJY says:

    A doc here. I am very concerned about this as we are in the early flu season. Nearly every really bad actor illness starts out with ‘flu-like symptoms’. Americans are loath to take off from work if they feel bad. A little nausea, diarrhea, and sweating…take some Imodium and ‘drive on’. I’ve watched colleagues take extraordinary care with hand washing, but they never wipe down their stethoscope. ED triage uses the same sphyg cuff on everyone. The docs and nurses carry pens. The pens migrate from staff member to staff member and then to patients, who promptly plop them in their mouths. You nailed down the fomite concern when so many have been whistling (forgive me) as they walked by the cemetery.
    Nice writeup, Dustin. You said what needed to be said. Best of all, you said it very well. At bedside, you must be a very good patient teacher. Cheers!

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Zoe's avatar
      Zoe says:

      DOCJY, Thanks for pointing out some very true incidentals that no one seems to think about which happen over and over every day in all types of health care settings. Shared BP cuffs, stethoscopes, same lab
      coats with each patient….all relevant in this discussion.

      Like

    2. Lori's avatar
      Lori says:

      We just had the same discussion about patients on precaution…we gown and glove but then we use our stethoscopes, pen, grab something out of our pocket, touch our watch…and now, carry the portable computers in the rooms to pass meds…we try to wipe down everything and I’ve made a point to hang my stethoscope on the Caviwipe container (same with pens) so I’m reminded to wipe it when I leave. I know MRSA and C diff aren’t really on the same scale, but my point was that we take the obvious precautions but neglect the other less obvious things we do that transmits. All of the steps help but until we’re 100% each and every time, there’s always that chance that it’s being transmitted.

      Like

  6. Deanna's avatar
    Deanna says:

    i am not interested in your grammer or punctuation. I am glad you took the time to write this. It is a valuable tool to health care workers, first responders and the general public. I had the unfortunate experience of a loved one needing an ambulance ride last week. I of course asked (after knowing my loved one was stable) if they were get education on precautions for EBOLA. “Nope universal precautions is all we need”. I cringed then and am cringing more now.

    Like

  7. Hope's avatar
    Hope says:

    NO criticism and ALL thanks here ! I am an uneducated lay-person with kids in public school and I appreciate the great information and that this nurse was willing to write this article to help educate/warn common people…mission accomplished for this member of the community–THANK YOU !

    Like

  8. Don hunter's avatar
    Don hunter says:

    Why would they even let the caregivers go into the public arena not knowing if they had contracted the virus or not!! Anyone caring for the patients should be isolated for the 21 day incubation period!! That includes anyone that came in contact with anyone that even had contact with the victim!! The gov’t needs to really move on this fast!!!

    Like

  9. debbie's avatar
    debbie says:

    You said these 5 kids go to school and rub up against other kids, I thought Ebola had to enter your body through an open membrane, one passing someone else and rubbing clothes to clothes how does that spread the virus ?

    Like

    1. Emily's avatar
      Emily says:

      In response to Debbie:

      Because the child then touches the viral particles on their clothes and then sticks their finger in their mouth, picks their nose, touches something they then eat. The possibilities are endless.

      Like

    2. GL's avatar
      GL says:

      The Ebola virus does have to enter the body. She is saying that if those five children go to school and come in contact with many others during the day, all those who they came in contact with then have the possibility of becoming infected or becoming carriers and infecting others. She mentioned only a small percentage of the other kids they “rub against” would statistically become infected themselves, but others could have the virus alive on their skin, clothes, etc. long enough to pass it to someone else.

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      1. Sara's avatar
        Sara says:

        Think of it like this, imagine kids touch wet paint & the paint stays wet on them for several hours while they get on the bus, got to school or the store, etc. Now everything or everyone that rubbed up against them & touched the wet paint now has wet paint on them. These kids then go to lunch or sit down somewhere and touch their face around their mouths, nose, ears, or eyes or they go play & get scratched or scraped & now the paint has entered their bodies. Now that it’s inside them it causes problems & these kids may not have symptoms for days or weeks until it’s too late in some cases. It is one thing to be able to see the paint on you to wash it off but it is another to not be able to see & just pray you have washed it all off.

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  10. Jim Allen's avatar
    Jim Allen says:

    Thank you for your informative and heart felt comments. You and other front line providers perform a necessary and sometimes underappreciated service. I have been the recipient of exceptional emergency care during a heart attack and I hold only the highest esteem for your profession. My problem is with governments that seem to have no qualms sending multiple millions and sometimes billions of dollars to support or participate in the bombing of militants while in comparison only pennies to combat, in my opinion, a much more aggressive worldwide advisory that knows no boundaries. My prayers are with you and your professional co-workers during this time of unprecedented alertness.

    Like

  11. Ericka's avatar
    Ericka says:

    This article was so helpful! I am a single mom and work with young children. I did not know much about Ebola and this was very helpful to me!

    Like

  12. Throwaway's avatar
    Throwaway says:

    Dustin, for every ridiculous, nit-picky comment you receive, you should be comforted by the fact that there are 100 supportive ones. Thanks for providing a view from the phalanx.

    Like

  13. Dee McClellan's avatar
    Dee McClellan says:

    Thank you. It is time for everyone to wake up and pay attention. How many times have you ever seen health care workers and scientist dressed in Hazmat when working with patients with other viruses? Ebola is a very serious deadly virus. Our government is not doing enough to protect us. I wonder if anyone else has thought that this might be some type of germ warfare? I am a nurse too and I am very concerned!

    Like

  14. wendy's avatar
    wendy says:

    Thank you for sharing. It’s good information to know. Don’t listen to people who have negative feedback when your intent is to educate the general public. The message came across loud and clear and very informative.

    Like

  15. Rayvan's avatar
    Rayvan says:

    You cannot transmit Ebola if you are asymptomatic. Comparing Ebola to cancer is like comparing bullets to a hand grenade. Misinformation is what causes panic in the public forum. I can appreciate what you are saying in this, but as a nurse if you are going to speak publicly, you should make sure the facts you are providing are correct.

    Like

    1. dtolar's avatar
      dustintolar says:

      Read the * at the bottom, that’s why I asterisked it. I was referring to the fact that most people write off the early symptoms of just about anything, out of the human nature of denial, and also fomite transmission. Most people know to stay away from the public if they have the flu, but on the first day or so they’ll try to convince themselves its just allergies, or a little head cold. I see no reason why people would write off the initial flu symptoms in the same way.

      Like

  16. Barbara's avatar
    Barbara says:

    thank you for educating us on this matter. I think everyone should read this and really think about what’s going on with this. It sounds like it is a very tragic disease. I don’t want to go against this nor do I want my children, family members or friends. Wow that’s all I can say. God bless and pray that it will get better.

    Like

  17. Brenda's avatar
    Brenda says:

    Thank you for taking the time to give us your perspective. The article is very well written and informative. I am also a nurse, and Ebola is frightening and our government needs to step up and do more.

    Like

  18. Margot's avatar
    Margot says:

    Thank you!!! Thank you for your sharing your extensive knowledge mixed with common sense in an intelligent way. Many people appreciate the time and thought that you have given to share your perceptive and information.
    Thank you so much.

    Like

  19. Shelia Ponder's avatar
    Shelia Ponder says:

    Fantastic article, from one nurse to another!!! Thanks so much for taking the time to explain this topic in a way that allows anyone who wants to understand to do so. God bless your efforts and each one who takes the risk daily.

    Like

  20. Lisa's avatar
    Lisa says:

    Thank you for taking the time to write this. It’s very informative. Gives more insight as to why with all of the precautions in place health care workers are getting this virus. I hope that we have seen the end of it here.

    Like

  21. Nurse's avatar
    Nurse says:

    Excellent article. I have shared it on my Facebook page and almost immediately had my nurse friends respond by further sharing. I am going to have my husband read it shortly. I am also a nurse who works in an ICU In the great state of Texas. Needless to say my unit is the only one in our hospital that has negative pressure rooms so we have been informed that the suspect Ebola patients will come to us. Management gave our manager a gown in a package with no directions and then told her to show us how to put it on. REALLY! From my prospective, the hospitals have no idea what they are up against and the cat is already out of the bag!!!! Thank you for the extremely well written article.

    Like

  22. Brandi's avatar
    Brandi says:

    I am a lab tech and I think you did an excellent job of explaining this, much better than I could have so thank you very much. People really need to be concerned and our government needs to close the borders at least from Africa

    Like

  23. Amber's avatar
    Amber says:

    Great article of personal experiences. I am a nurse practitioner in family medicine and am attempting to make some sense out of what is being communicated by the media. I, too, know the virulence of many viruses and would never underestimate something like Ebola. Thank you for sharing!

    Like

  24. Cory's avatar
    Cory says:

    thank you very much for the informative and very real information. We as nurses are concerned with the reality that this disease has. Never have we been exposed to such a disease and need to be educated fully as you provided . I thank you .

    Like

  25. Trn's avatar
    Trn says:

    Great article. I am a med-surg RN at a “non” profit hospital. Sadly, at all of the hospitals I have worked at or visited, isolation training consists of taking computer based learning (CBL) then being supplied with PPE that is generic in size and so cheaply made that it rips within minutes or even seconds of being donned. Hopefully, some of the hospital administrators will take note of your article and rethink what they buy for the employees to use as PPE and possibly consider hands on training with the supplied PPE and protocols.

    Like

  26. Melissa Miller's avatar
    Melissa Miller says:

    Excuse my ignorance because I was waiting to see if you would address it. Why were these people who were infected with this horrific virus not treated in the country where they were infected. I’m having a hard time wrapping my head around this. It seems to me that it would be more contained if there were not all this exposure while transporting these people. Now we have to worry about it becoming an epidemic. Like you stated this is something that is not to be taken lightly.
    In my opinion, whether it is right or wrong I feel like the containment should have been at the origination of the virus. Thanks so much for this information. It really scares me that this is being taken so lightly.

    Like

    1. Lori's avatar
      Lori says:

      The patient who died in TX came here from Africa (he was not a US citizen) and didn’t get symptomatic until he was here. So the option to treat him in his country wasn’t an option…he was already here. The docs/nurses who’ve been flown home to be treated have recovered and were brought here bc the treatment in Africa wasn’t available…but in those cases, they were treated VERY quickly…they did not go days, as Dustin said, denying symptoms and chalking it up to something minor.

      They also received a drug that was not approved in the States. They received their first dose in Africa and received the final dose in Atlanta. That’s a whole other can of worms…

      Like

  27. Tamica Sears's avatar
    Tamica Sears says:

    Thank you!! I thought that this was very well written and informative. Thank you for pointing out that you aren’t an expert. It definitely sounds to me like you are a great nurse and anyone would be lucky to have you responsible for their patient care.

    Like

  28. jeanne's avatar
    jeanne says:

    What about at gyms when people sweat and don’t really wipe down stuff as good as it should be. I have seen people walk off and not wipe off at all!!!!!

    Like

  29. Pam's avatar
    Pam says:

    Very informative, very thorough, and very easy to comprehend (even with 1/2 a brain). If people are hung up on your grammar, punctuation, or typos, it is simply because they cannot find fault anywhere else. Thank you for taking the time to inform people like me! Thank you for sharing your perspective and THANK you for being a nurse!

    Like

  30. Laurel's avatar
    Laurel says:

    Impressive explanation of a virus we know little about. I am a nurse and couldn’t have articulated the process this well so, thank you.

    Like

  31. AV's avatar
    AV says:

    Very informative. As a Registered Dental Hygienist I am also very concerned. I use universal precautions, however I could clearly be exposed for these precautions are not enough. Thanks for sharing such important information.

    Like

  32. Sara's avatar
    Sara says:

    Don’t worry about the bad comments because those people read the article & are talking about it. That is just spreading the word & when it comes down to it they will be thinking about it

    Like

    1. patty's avatar
      patty says:

      What fire storm of conversation! This article has created more comments than the most perfectly written researched paper published in the NJM. I would say that it has achieved a very high level of attention. I am going to have to silence my computer to keep it from making a noise everytime that is a response to this. I have to get some sleep tonight.

      Like

  33. vanessia's avatar
    vanessia says:

    I loved your post. Very informative. I teach Health Science to 9th graders. We have been studying Ebola and will share your article with them. Thank you.

    Like

  34. Sam's avatar
    Sam says:

    Thank you! Thank you for putting this nasty thing into a readable text that anyone & everyone can understand! More importantly, thanks for spreading awareness!

    Like

  35. Aimee Kennedy's avatar
    Aimee Kennedy says:

    Thanku so much!! Love ur article! So sick of hearing people downplay this real scary danger!! The government is nothing but a bunch of liars and they cover up the truth to prevent panic and from the economy going in the toilet! Thanku for the truth!

    Like

  36. Debbie Wiley's avatar
    Debbie Wiley says:

    Thank you, thank you, thank you!!! I appreciate all the information you have provided. Even I can understand what you have written and I know very little about anything medical.

    Like

  37. nonya's avatar
    nonya says:

    So, what is the advice for the people you have just scared to death? What more can they do? Hide in their homes until??? Thanks for the panic inducing article that is officially spreading much faster than ebola. And for the stigma you just gave every child in those schools in Texas. Bravo.

    Like

  38. Ed's avatar
    Ed says:

    First and foremost please know I believe this blog to have been powerfully written and well done. I rarely, if ever, respond to articles I glimpse on social media;however, your perspective and willingness to educate is deserving of praise. I particularly enjoy your retort to those who would seek to ridicule or blast you for your perspective. I appreciate your honesty, integrity and purpose in penning your perspective.

    Like

  39. Anna's avatar
    Anna says:

    Thank you for the Information. You make PERFECT sense as to how Infected liquid can be transferred from person to person. Without the carrier ever even knowing they are transferring anything. And how coughing and sneezing gets the droplets into the air and can land on any person or object…And how still wet can be a place of contact. Everyone should read this.

    Like

  40. Dr. Kendra Sullivan Godin's avatar
    Dr. Kendra Sullivan Godin says:

    Dustin, I want to thank you for your informative, easy to relate to article. I have been in the medical world under many hats over the last 45 years and have never encountered the Ebola Virus. I thought after 20+ years in an ER I thought I had seen a little bit of it all. Your article explained in layman terms the disease process, transportation modes and the precautions that need to be implemented. I have shared your article with every EMT, Tech, Nurse and Physician I know in my world. I also shared with friends that travel around the world for work, families that have ties to volunteer organizations that service the world and friends that tour various countries and foreign lands for pleasure. Your article is well written, informative and holds the attention of all that read it. Thank you for sharing this article you have penned to educate the medical world and everyday people.
    Dr. Kendra Sullivan Godin Ph.D

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